Flight Exodus: Why Global Airlines are Ditching China’s Skies Amid Rising Costs and Low Demand
Why Major Airlines Are Pulling Out of China
Amid soaring operational costs and lagging demand, many of the world’s biggest airlines are scaling back or entirely withdrawing flights to China. As the reopening of Russia's airspace remains unlikely, detours around this vast region are adding costly hours to Asian routes—putting a significant dent in profitability. With passenger demand still far from pre-pandemic levels, airlines are cutting losses by diverting resources to more lucrative regions. Virgin Atlantic and Scandinavian Airlines, for example, have fully exited the Chinese market, marking a dramatic shift in the global aviation landscape.
In 2022, Virgin Atlantic terminated its long-standing Hong Kong service, closing its office after three decades in this major financial hub. According to aviation analysis platform OAG, at least seven leading airlines have withdrawn from China in recent months, suggesting the turbulence may continue for the foreseeable future.
Major Airlines Shrink Chinese Flight Offerings
Here’s a look at the significant reductions some major carriers have made in their China services:
Airline | Action Taken |
---|---|
Qantas | Suspended Sydney-Shanghai flights |
Virgin Atlantic | Ended London-Shanghai flights |
Lufthansa | Dropped non-stop Frankfurt-Beijing flights |
SAS Scandinavian | Suspending Copenhagen-Shanghai flights on Nov. 8 |
British Airways | Pausing London-Beijing flights until Nov. 2025; reducing Heathrow-Hong Kong service by 50% |
LOT Polish | Suspending Warsaw-Beijing routes for the winter |
Finnair | Lowering Helsinki-Shanghai flight frequency for winter |
According to OAG analyst John Grant, these strategic exits reflect deepening issues within the China travel sector. Initially, British Airways and other airlines offered flagship Boeing 747s on China-bound routes, but over time they have downsized to smaller, more fuel-efficient Boeing 787s. This move minimizes costs while maintaining limited operations to preserve route access.
Russia’s Airspace Ban Compounds Costs for European Airlines
The European Union and the UK banned Russian flights from their airspace following the Ukraine conflict, and Russia responded by closing its skies to European carriers. As a result, European airlines are rerouting to avoid Russian airspace, resulting in extended travel times, higher fuel consumption, and additional crew expenses. To cover these longer shifts, airlines have had to increase crew sizes from two or three to four, driving up operational costs even further.
Chinese airlines, however, are exempt from these airspace restrictions, allowing them to operate shorter, less expensive routes to Europe. This difference enables Chinese carriers to maintain a competitive advantage, offering lower fares compared to their European counterparts.
Airlines Shift Resources to High-Demand Regions
As airlines retreat from China, they’re reallocating capacity to more profitable markets. For instance, when British Airways halted its Beijing service, it redirected planes to Cape Town, resulting in a 90% increase in load factors, compared to a modest 55% on the Beijing route. This reallocation aligns with shifting global travel trends, where destinations with strong demand are prioritized over those with uncertain prospects.
Demand for travel to and from China has seen a sharp decline. Qantas, for example, pointed to “low demand” as its reason for canceling Sydney-Shanghai flights. China’s travel industry, still hampered by post-pandemic economic challenges, welcomed only 17.25 million international travelers by mid-2023—a stark drop from the 49.1 million visitors in 2019. While U.S. airlines have been somewhat shielded from the Russian airspace dilemma, they are also cutting back on flights to China, maintaining a minimal presence to retain future market access.
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Chinese Airlines Surge Despite Demand Issues
Chinese airlines, facing reduced competition from global carriers, are now operating 82% of China-Europe flights—a significant increase from their 56% share pre-pandemic. But this increase is costly: the largest Chinese airline posted a $4.8 billion loss in 2022, though it trimmed losses to $420 million in 2023, a stark contrast to the profitability enjoyed by major international carriers.
Still, Chinese airlines are eager to project normalcy, with plans for 18 new China-Europe routes this winter. “This expansion is irrational given the current demand levels,” Grant notes, highlighting how desperate Chinese airlines are to secure cash flow in an economic environment where outbound travel remains limited.
The Future of China’s Aviation Market
As airlines around the world grapple with new operational realities, the industry is rapidly restructuring its approach to the Chinese market. While European carriers are rerouting planes to meet demand elsewhere, Chinese airlines are left with the lion’s share of China-Europe routes—though at a cost.
For now, China’s air travel market appears locked in a prolonged slowdown, with rising costs, low demand, and complex geopolitical issues creating an uncertain future.